See lugha on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "comparative adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "lugha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"superseded form of lú"
],
"id": "en-lugha-ga-adj-lCHHw2mb",
"links": [
[
"lú",
"lú#Irish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l̪ˠuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̪ˠuə/"
},
{
"homophone": "luaith"
},
{
"homophone": "luath (one pronunciation)"
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wni",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lugha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ndzwani Comorian",
"lang_code": "wni",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ndzwani Comorian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lugha-wni-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁lengʷʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "lugu"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish lugu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish lugu.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "adjective form",
"cat2": "comparative adjectives"
},
"expansion": "lugha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aig a' char as lugha"
},
{
"word": "is lugha air"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "less than six months",
"text": "nas lugha na sia mìosan",
"translation": "less than six months",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"english": "I really hate you.",
"literal_meaning": "You are more disagreeable to me.",
"text": "Is lugha orm thu.",
"translation": "I really hate you.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "Only a fool would do that.",
"literal_meaning": "No less than a fool will do that.",
"text": "Cha lugha na amadan a nì sin.",
"translation": "Only a fool would do that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beag"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative degree of beag"
],
"id": "en-lugha-gd-adj-pGuZBJfo",
"links": [
[
"beag",
"beag#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɯ.ə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɯ.ɯ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈl̪ˠɯ̞.ɯ̞]",
"note": "Lochs"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈl̪ˠɯ̞.ə]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɯɣə/",
"note": "Ness, Wester Ross, Gigha"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɤɣə/",
"note": "Ness, Wester Ross, Gigha"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɯ.ɯ/",
"note": "Islay"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ˠɯʔɯ]",
"note": "Islay"
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:لغة<alt:لُغَة><ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020), <cite>Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa</cite> (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; <span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 271 Nr. 2547</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic ل غ و (l ḡ w)\nArabic لُغَة (luḡa)bor.\nSwahili lugha\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"لُغَة\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"root\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ل غ و\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"لغة\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"lugha\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }\" data-lang=\"sw\" data-title=\"lugha\">\nBorrowed from Arabic لُغَة (luḡa).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nArabic ل غ و (l ḡ w)\nArabic لُغَة (luḡa)bor.\nSwahili lugha\nBorrowed from Arabic لُغَة (luḡa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lugha",
"tags": [
"class-x",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "lugha class IX (plural lugha class X)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lu",
"gha"
]
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "sw:Language",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "sign language",
"translation": "sign language",
"word": "lugha ya alama"
},
{
"english": "sign language",
"translation": "sign language",
"word": "lugha ya ishara"
},
{
"english": "mother tongue",
"translation": "mother tongue",
"word": "lugha ya mama"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lugha-sw-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"related": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"for languages"
],
"tags": [
"class",
"noun",
"prefix"
],
"word": "ki-"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-ix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-lugha.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Sw-ke-lugha.flac/Sw-ke-lugha.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Sw-ke-lugha.flac/Sw-ke-lugha.flac.ogg",
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "comparative adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "lugha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish alternative forms",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish superseded forms",
"Irish terms with homophones",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"superseded form of lú"
],
"links": [
[
"lú",
"lú#Irish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l̪ˠuː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/l̪ˠuə/"
},
{
"homophone": "luaith"
},
{
"homophone": "luath (one pronunciation)"
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wni",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lugha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ndzwani Comorian",
"lang_code": "wni",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ndzwani Comorian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ndzwani Comorian lemmas",
"Ndzwani Comorian nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aig a' char as lugha"
},
{
"word": "is lugha air"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁lengʷʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "lugu"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish lugu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish lugu.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "adjective form",
"cat2": "comparative adjectives"
},
"expansion": "lugha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic adjective forms",
"Scottish Gaelic comparative adjectives",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lengʷʰ-",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "less than six months",
"text": "nas lugha na sia mìosan",
"translation": "less than six months",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"english": "I really hate you.",
"literal_meaning": "You are more disagreeable to me.",
"text": "Is lugha orm thu.",
"translation": "I really hate you.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"english": "Only a fool would do that.",
"literal_meaning": "No less than a fool will do that.",
"text": "Cha lugha na amadan a nì sin.",
"translation": "Only a fool would do that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beag"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative degree of beag"
],
"links": [
[
"beag",
"beag#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɯ.ə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɯ.ɯ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈl̪ˠɯ̞.ɯ̞]",
"note": "Lochs"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈl̪ˠɯ̞.ə]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɯɣə/",
"note": "Ness, Wester Ross, Gigha"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈl̪ˠɤɣə/",
"note": "Ness, Wester Ross, Gigha"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̪ˠɯ.ɯ/",
"note": "Islay"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ˠɯʔɯ]",
"note": "Islay"
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "sign language",
"translation": "sign language",
"word": "lugha ya alama"
},
{
"english": "sign language",
"translation": "sign language",
"word": "lugha ya ishara"
},
{
"english": "mother tongue",
"translation": "mother tongue",
"word": "lugha ya mama"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:لغة<alt:لُغَة><ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020), <cite>Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa</cite> (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; <span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 271 Nr. 2547</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nArabic ل غ و (l ḡ w)\nArabic لُغَة (luḡa)bor.\nSwahili lugha\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"لُغَة\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"root\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"ل غ و\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"لغة\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Swahili\", \"term\" : \"lugha\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sw\" }\" data-lang=\"sw\" data-title=\"lugha\">\nBorrowed from Arabic لُغَة (luḡa).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nArabic ل غ و (l ḡ w)\nArabic لُغَة (luḡa)bor.\nSwahili lugha\nBorrowed from Arabic لُغَة (luḡa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lugha",
"tags": [
"class-x",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "lugha class IX (plural lugha class X)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lu",
"gha"
]
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"for languages"
],
"tags": [
"class",
"noun",
"prefix"
],
"word": "ki-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Swahili class IX nouns",
"Swahili entries with etymology texts",
"Swahili entries with etymology trees",
"Swahili entries with etymon",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili nouns",
"Swahili terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Swahili terms derived from Arabic",
"sw:Language"
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-ix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-lugha.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Sw-ke-lugha.flac/Sw-ke-lugha.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Sw-ke-lugha.flac/Sw-ke-lugha.flac.ogg",
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"word": "lugha"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lugha meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.